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Recent Blog Posts
Local Authorities Crack Down on Drunk Boating
For nearly four decades, broadcast airwaves, billboards, and other attention-grabbing resources have been used to raise awareness of the dangers of drunk driving. Of course, such efforts continue each year as a new class of young drivers takes to the roads in Illinois for the first time—teens who may not have ever really considered how a few drinks could affect their ability to handle a car.
Meanwhile, however, far less attention has been paid to the similar dangers of drunk boating or boating under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In fact, it is not uncommon for people to consider a boating trip as a type of tailgate party writ large—complete with copious amounts of alcohol and a corresponding lack of inhibitions. Thus, it often comes as a surprise when the operator of a boat is arrested and charged with boating under the influence.
Authorities Expect Uptick in Waterway Use
Understanding the Illinois Bail System
Bail is often mischaracterized on television and in the movies, as it seems as though a criminal defendant can simply pay some money and be released from all responsibility for their actions. A character wakes up in jail, for example, just in time for the guard to arrive saying that the character’s friend has posted bail. The episode or film then continues with no mention of the arrest again—case closed, right? Not even close.
In reality, there is virtually no situation in which posting bail will end criminal proceedings against a person charged with a crime. Bail is not a fine to be paid in lieu of a different criminal sentence. Instead, bail is intended to help ensure that a criminal defendant responds as required and that he or she is afforded the due process of law.
After an Arrest
When a person is arrested for a criminal offense, he or she has the right to a preliminary hearing, in most cases, to determine if there is enough evidence for the case to proceed. Depending on when a person is arrested, getting him or her in front of a judge may take several days or even weeks. In many cases, the defendant will waive the preliminary hearing, but he or she still has the right to a trial. Thanks to overloaded court dockets, a trial may not be possible for a number of months. In the meantime, what happens to the suspect?
When a DUI Charge Becomes a Felony
Regardless of the circumstances, a charge of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or drugs is one that can have lasting consequences. Depending on the outcome of your case, the charges could remain on your record for the rest of your life. This could create problems in obtaining affordable car insurance or getting a job that requires you to drive as part of your duties.
The severity of the charges, as you might expect, will contribute to the types and duration of the consequences and penalties. If for example, you are charged with simply operating a motor vehicle with a blood-alcohol content of just over the legal limit of .08, you will likely be facing misdemeanor charges—especially if it is your first offense. If, however, you were driving drunk, speeding, and you caused an accident in which someone was injured, you will probably be charged with a felony, and the penalties will increase substantially.
Are Breathalyzers Accurate?
Breathalyzers are the most commonly used form of testing used to find a driver’s blood-alcohol content (BAC). Usually administered by a police officer during a traffic stop, breathalyzers are used to determine if a driver is driving under the influence of alcohol. Although they are used quite frequently, breathalyzers are not the most accurate measure of how much alcohol an individual has consumed. A blood test is much more precise, but blood tests cannot be easily administered during a traffic stop.
In most cases, a breathalyzer will only be administered if the police officer has reasonable suspicion that a driver is under the influence of alcohol. If an individual has more than 80 mg alcohol per 100 mL of blood in their body, he or she is considered over the legal limit in Illinois.
Sources of Error
Over the years, many individuals and groups have called the accuracy of breathalyzers into question. In February, thousands of tests were thrown out in Boston after suspicion that the tests were erroneous. The machines were found to be improperly calibrated and maintained by the state of Massachusetts. Another source of error is interfering compounds found in the breath which can significantly affect the test results. Substances such as lacquer, paint remover, gasoline, cleaning fluids, and other ethers/alcohols can result in a false positive reading on some breathalyzer machines.
The Dangers of College Binge Drinking
For many college students, drinking is as much a part of their life as going to classes or making new friends. College parties are almost synonymous with large quantities of beer and liquor. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimates that nearly 40% of college students between the ages of 18-22 binge drink regularly. Some of the drinking results in relatively harmless fun, but sometimes, the behavior can lead to charges of driving under the influence (DUI) or worse.
What Is Binge Drinking?
When you think of binge drinking, an image of a person chugging drink after drink may come to mind. But it is not always so easy to spot binge drinking. Many individuals would be surprised to know that they are binge drinking—especially if everyone around them is drinking the about the same quantity. Binge drinking is defined as having four or more drinks in two hours for women and five or more drinks for men. Men are often larger and can metabolize alcohol more easily than women. Drinking this amount of alcohol will almost certainly bring a person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 or above. One in six adults report binge drinking and it is much more common for younger adults than older adults.
Uber May Not Be Helping the Drunk Driving Problem
Drunk driving is a deadly problem in the United States. Every year, there are on average 121 million drunk drivers which result in 10,000 traffic fatalities. Uber and Lyft are two popular ridesharing services that offer rides for individuals who either cannot drive or choose not to drive. Many had hoped that these rideshare services would help lessen the number of drunk drivers on the road, but the numbers are suggesting a different reality.
An Alternative to a DUI
People can use their smartphones to hail an Uber driver to take them to events where they plan on drinking and then catch another Uber when they are ready to go home. Uber has touted that their service will and does reduce the number of drunk drivers on the road. In 2015, Uber surveyed members from Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and found evidence that people assume the availability of ridesharing services will decrease the number of drunk drivers. Overall, however, this has not been the case. Although these services are widely used, a study shows that the availability of services like Uber have had virtually no effect on the number of drunk driving fatalities.
Standardized Field Sobriety Tests, Part 1: The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test
A recent post on this blog talked a little about the use of breathalyzers when drivers are stopped on the suspicion of driving under the influence (DUI). While chemical tests like breathalyzers are commonly used by law enforcement to gather evidence to support a DUI arrest, officers have a number of other tools at their disposal to help them identify drunk drivers. Among these is a battery of tests known as standardized field sobriety tests, or SFSTs, which includes three separate activities during which the officer will look for indicators of intoxication. Over the next several weeks, we will discuss each test in detail.
The Basics of Field Sobriety Tests
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has officially recognized three separate tests that comprise the battery of SFSTs used by law enforcement officers nationwide. These tests—the horizontal gaze nystagmus, the walk-and-turn, and the one-leg stand—measure specific involuntary responses or reflexes that could be compromised by alcohol or drugs. The tests are not definitive in and of themselves but are part of a larger body of evidence to support an officer’s suspicion that a driver is intoxicated.
Standardized Field Sobriety Tests, Part 2: The Walk-and-Turn
For most people, walking several steps in a straight line then turning around and walking back is about as simple an action as there is. Doing so, of course, may be considerably more difficult for those who have been drinking. That is why the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has recognized the "Walk-and-Turn" as one of the three assessments that comprise the standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs) used by law enforcement nationwide.
In a recent post on this blog, we talked about the first test of the series—the horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN). The walk-and-turn is the second test, and the third is the one-leg stand, which will be covered in the near future. Each test was selected to allow officers on the scene to observe a subject’s reflexes and involuntary responses, giving the officer the basis on which to suspect whether a driver is impaired.
Test 2: The Walk-and-Turn
Standardized Field Sobriety Tests, Part 3: The One-Leg Stand
Over the last couple of weeks, posts on this blog have talked a little about the battery of standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs) recognized by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. These three tests are commonly used by police officers during traffic stops to help determine whether a driver is impaired by alcohol or drugs. If you have been arrested on drunk driving charges, you should seek help from a skilled defense attorney immediately.
Two Types, Three Tests
There are three tests that comprise the SFSTs: the horizontal gaze nystagmus, the walk-and-turn, and the one-leg stand. The first test—the horizontal gaze nystagmus—is an observation of involuntary eye movements while the subject follows a pen or flashlight with his or her eyes. The other two tests are both considered "divided attention" tests, because they test the subject’s ability to hear and follow instructions while performing simple tasks. The rationale behind these tests is that a sober person, for the most part, would have little trouble completing them, while an impaired person is much more likely to struggle.
The Basics of White Collar Crime
Nearly everyone has at least heard the term "white collar crime" before, but not everyone understands what it means. There are a wide variety of criminal activities that fall into the category of white collar crime, and they generally involve the theft of data and financial assets to be used for personal gain by the perpetrator. In many cases, the criminal does not even come into contact with their victim, and many victims of white collar crime are unaware of the crime until much later. White collar crime is very serious, and anyone facing charges related to a white collar crime should seek the help of a qualified criminal defense attorney.
Common White Collar Crimes
There are a variety of different offenses that fall under the umbrella of white collar crime. These types of crimes often occur in business or professional settings; hence the term "white collar" as a reference to dress shirts common in such environments. Crimes that are commonly considered white collar include:
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